Accumulating evidence suggesting the involvement of EVs in intercellular communication by virtue of the transfer of bioactive molecules invoked scientific interest in the field of EVs ( 1, 2).
The mechanistic role of exosomes in cardiovascular disease will provide novel avenues in designing diagnosis and therapeutic interventions.ĭescribed initially as debris with no functional significance or potential involvement in the clearance of damaged cellular components, extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent a heterogenous population of vesicles. The current review summarizes exosome-mediated paracrine signaling leading to cardiovascular disease. Understanding EVs-mediated cellular communication may delineate the mechanism of origin and progression of cardiovascular diseases. The EVs secreted from the myriad of cells in the cardiovascular system such as cardiomyocytes, cardiac fibroblasts, cardiac progenitor cells, endothelial cells, inflammatory cells may facilitate the communication in physiological and pathological conditions. Elucidation of the role of EVs in intercellular communications under physiological conditions implied the enormous potential of EVs in monitoring and treatment of CVD. By transporting molecular cargo from donor to recipient cells, EVs modulate gene expression and influence the phenotype of recipient cells, thus EVs prove to be an imperative component of intercellular signaling. Search for novel and effective strategies for diagnosis, prevention, and intervention for CVD has shifted research focus on extracellular vesicles (EVs) in recent years.
Nevertheless, elusive and multifactorial pathophysiological mechanisms of CVD development perplexed researchers in identifying efficacious therapeutic interventions. The last few decades have witnessed new advances in clinical research which led to increased survival and recovery in CVD patients. 2Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, CanadaĬardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent a major global health problem, due to their continued high incidences and mortality.
1Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada.Gomes 1,2, Ruchita Shandilya 1,2 and Vaibhav B. The Onsite Sewage (Septic) Program provides educational, advisory and permitting services for owners of septic systems, septic professionals and other parties.Anshul S. The mission of the O nsite Sewage (Septic) program is to protect public health and the environment by minimizing the threat of surface and ground water contamination from failing or improperly designed, installed or maintained onsite sewage systems. About the same number also use groundwater as their drinking water source. Approximately 72% of Island County residents utilize an Onsite Sewage (septic) system.